surtax; redundancy; superfluous component
Meanings
2 senses · 5 examplesnoun
additional surtax levied by local officials on the people in feudal times; extra tribute
archaicHistorical term referring to unofficial taxes extorted by corrupt local officials under the guise of 'surplus tribute' to the imperial court.
In the late Tang Dynasty, local officials often extorted excessive taxes from the people under the pretext of presenting surplus tribute.
These surtaxes were actually means for officials to line their own pockets.
adjective
redundant; superfluous; pleonastic; unnecessary repetition
technicalTechnical term in linguistics and information theory referring to elements that exceed the minimum necessary for communication, often providing redundancy for error correction or emphasis.
In linguistics, redundant components help listeners understand spoken content.
This sentence contains redundancy; in 'witness with one's own eyes' (亲眼目睹), the word 'eyes' (亲眼) is already contained within 'witness' (目睹).
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Although redundant information reduces communication efficiency, it improves reliability.