arduous; difficult; hard
Tone colorsmāmámǎmàma
Meanings
1 sense · 4 examplesadjective
arduous; full of hardship and difficulty
formalDescribes a process, journey, or period of life that involves great effort and suffering. Often conveys a sense of having persevered through struggle.
Lì历
jìn尽
jiān艰
xīn辛
，
fāng方
yǒu有
jīn今
rì日
。
Only after enduring countless hardships do we have today.
Chuàng创
yè业
zhī之
lù路
chōng充
mǎn满
jiān艰
xīn辛
。
The path of entrepreneurship is filled with hardships.
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Lǎo老
yī一
bèi辈
rén人
céng曾
jīng经
guò过
zhe着
jí极
qí其
jiān艰
xīn辛
de的
shēng生
huó活
。
The older generation once lived an extremely arduous life.
Huí回
gù顾
nà那
duàn段
jiān艰
xīn辛
de的
suì岁
yuè月
，
tā他
gǎn感
kǎi慨
wàn万
qiān千
。
Looking back on that difficult period, he was filled with emotion.