arduous; difficult; harsh
Tone colorsmāmámǎmàma
Meanings
1 sense · 4 examplesadjective
arduous; difficult; harsh; hard (conditions)
Describes difficult living or working conditions, or a spirit of enduring hardship. Often used in formal, literary, or political contexts.
Tā他
men们
zài在
jiān艰
kǔ苦
de的
huán环
jìng境
zhōng中
jiān坚
chí持
gōng工
zuò作
。
They persisted in working under harsh conditions.
Jīng经
guò过
duō多
nián年
de的
jiān艰
kǔ苦
fèn奋
dòu斗
，
tā他
zhōng终
yú于
chéng成
gōng功
le了
。
After years of arduous struggle, he finally succeeded.
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Zhè这
lǐ里
de的
shēng生
huó活
tiáo条
jiàn件
fēi非
cháng常
jiān艰
kǔ苦
。
The living conditions here are extremely harsh.
Wǒ我
men们
yào要
fā发
yáng扬
jiān艰
kǔ苦
pǔ朴
sù素
de的
jīng精
shén神
。
We must carry forward the spirit of hard work and plain living.