directional complement indicating outward, completion, or realization
Tone colorsmāmámǎmàma
Meanings
3 senses · 9 examplescomplement
(directional complement) indicating movement outward from inside toward the speaker
Attached to verbs of movement or handling. Indicates the object moves from inside to outside, or toward the speaker.
Bǎ把
shū书
ná拿
chū出
lai来
。
Take the book out.
Cóng从
wū屋
lǐ里
zǒu走
chū出
yī一
gè个
rén人
lai来
。
A person walked out from the room.
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Nǐ你
néng能
ná拿
de得
chū出
lai来
ma吗
？
Can you take it out?
complement
(resultative complement) indicating completion or realization of an action
Shows that an action has been completed successfully or that something has been produced/created.
Kāi开
chū出
hěn很
duō多
huāng荒
dì地
lai来
。
Reclaimed a lot of wasteland.
Chuàng创
zào造
chū出
xīn新
chǎn产
pǐn品
lai来
。
Created new products.
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Nǐ你
yī一
dìng定
yào要
shuō说
chū出
zhēn真
xiàng相
lai来
。
You must speak out the truth.
complement
(phase complement) indicating a change from concealed/hidden to visible or perceptible
Used with verbs of perception (看, 听, 认, etc.) to indicate that something previously unnoticed becomes apparent.
Wǒ我
rèn认
chū出
tā他
lái来
le了
。
I recognized him.
Tīng听
zhe着
tīng听
zhe着
jiàn渐
jiàn渐
tīng听
chū出
diǎn点
yì意
si思
lái来
le了
。
As I listened, I gradually began to catch the meaning.
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Tiān天
hēi黑
le了
，
zì字
dōu都
kàn看
bù不
chū出
lái来
le了
。
It got dark, and I couldn't make out the characters anymore.