first-hand; direct; personal
Tone colorsmāmámǎmàma
Meanings
1 sense · 3 examplesadjective
first-hand; obtained through direct personal experience or investigation
Functions as an attribute word (属性词) in Chinese grammar, meaning it can only modify nouns (e.g., 材料, 资料, 知识) and cannot be used as a predicate on its own.
Zhè这
xiē些
dì第
yī一
shǒu手
cái材
liào料
fēi非
cháng常
zhēn珍
guì贵
。
These first-hand materials are extremely precious.
Tōng通
guò过
shí实
dì地
kǎo考
chá察
，
wǒ我
men们
huò获
dé得
le了
dì第
yī一
shǒu手
zī资
liào料
。
Through on-site investigation, we obtained first-hand data.
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Zuò作
jiā家
de的
dì第
yī一
shǒu手
jīng经
yàn验
shì是
chuàng创
zuò作
de的
jī基
chǔ础
。
A writer's first-hand experience is the foundation of creative work.